Pathogen‐induced pH changes regulate the growth‐defense balance in plants

Changes in stem diameter of herbaceous and woody plants as a measure of internal water balance

Relationship between Training-Induced Changes in the Star Excursion Balance Test and the Y Balance Test in Young Male Athletes

Background. Dynamic balance is often assessed in athletes using either the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) or the Y Balance Test (YBT). There is evidence that the results for the three common directions are not comparable. Thus, the question is open to debate as to which instrument is better suited to measure training-induced changes over time. Objectives. The aim of this study is to compar...

pH-induced structural changes regulate histidine decarboxylase activity in Lactobacillus 30a.

Histidine decarboxylase (HDC) from Lactobacillus 30a produces histamine that is essential to counter waste acids, and to optimize cell growth. The HDC trimer is active at low pH and inactive at neutral to alkaline pH. We have solved the X-ray structure of HDC at pH 8 and revealed the novel mechanism of pH regulation. At high pH helix B is unwound, destroying the substrate binding pocket. At aci...

Liver X receptors regulate adrenal cholesterol balance.

Cholesterol is the obligate precursor to adrenal steroids but is cytotoxic at high concentrations. Here, we show the role of the liver X receptors (LXRalpha and LXRbeta) in preventing accumulation of free cholesterol in mouse adrenal glands by controlling expression of genes involved in all aspects of cholesterol utilization, including the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, StAR, a novel L...

ACID–BASE BALANCE AND REGULATION OF pH

After studying this chapter you should be able to: b Define the normal range for plasma pH. c Explain the role of the kidney in the steady state elimination of acid produced daily by metabolism. d Outline the defence mechanisms which act to prevent an abrupt change in pH in response to an acid load. e Describe the mechanism for acid transport in the different nephron segments. f Recognize the c...